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Billboard Utilising Graffitists Against Unhealthy Promotions, or B.U.G.A. U.P. is an Australian subvertising artistic movement that detourns or modifies with graffiti billboard advertising that promotes something that is deemed unhealthy. The movement started in inner-city Sydney in October 1979, later spreading to Melbourne, Hobart, Adelaide and Perth. It has been active ever since, although their peak of activity was in the late 1970s and early-mid 1980s. Many of the members came from professional and university-educated backgrounds. A founding member was Bill Snow, who first started to graffiti tobacco billboards, and continues to be active in anti-smoking and littering campaigns. Together, Bill Snow, Ric Bolzan and Geoff Coleman coined the acronym BUGAUP and began adding it to the graffitied billboards, to link the graffiti to a movement rather than the random activity of individuals. The movement aimed mainly at cigarette and alcohol advertising, often blanking out letters and adding others to promote their view that the product is unhealthy. Cola and soft drink ads were also targeted. The movement did not formalize itself as a group with memberships or meetings. Graffitists "joined" by signing the BUGAUP name to their work. BUGAUP graffiti spread rapidly across Australia and then overseas. Former New South Wales politician Arthur Chesterfield-Evans was a member of BUGAUP before entering politics.() Other well-known BUGAUP members were the late Lord Bloody Wog Rolo and Fred Cole. == Impact on Tobacco Advertising Debate in Australia == The cancer council of Western Australia states that the BUGA-UP campaign of the mid 1980s "radicalised the advertising debate and made it suddenly more respectable for previously conservative medical associations and colleges to rattle the legislative cage".〔(The Cancer Council Western Australia ) The progress of tobacco control in Western Australia: achievements, challenges and hopes for the future. page iv 〕 Former Daily News reporter Joanne Fowler states that prior to the BUGA-UP campaigns of the 1980s journalists were unwilling to publish articles critical of the tobacco industry because they were seen to be mundane.〔(The Cancer Council Western Australia ) The progress of tobacco control in Western Australia: achievements, challenges and hopes for the future. page 71〕 Almost all forms of tobacco advertising were made illegal in Australia in 1992.〔Tobacco Advertising Prohibition Act 1992 (Cth)〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Billboard Utilising Graffitists Against Unhealthy Promotions」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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